api connection

ca

2) ind. andﾠ, both, alsoﾠ, moreover, as well as (= τε, Lat. que, placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes;
when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form (e.g.. távacamámaca <not tecameca>, « both of thee andﾠ me»), when used after verbs the first of them is accented Pāṇ. 8-1, 58 f. ;
it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences;
in RV. the double ca occurs more frequently than the single (e.g.. aháṉcatváṉca, « I andﾠ thou», VIII, 62, 11);
the double ca may alsoﾠ be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskṛit (e.g.. kvahariṇakānāṉjīvitaṉcâ̱tilolaṉkvacavajra-sārāḥṡarāste, « where is the frail existence, of fawns andﾠ where are thy adamantine arrows?» Ṡak. I, 10);
in later literature, however, the first ca is more usually omitted (e.g.. ahaṉtvaṉca), andﾠ when more than two things are enumerated only one ca is often found (e.g.. tejasāyaṡasālakshmyāsthityācaparayā, « in glory, in fame, in beauty, andﾠ in high position» Nal. XII, 6);
elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, ca is placed after some andﾠ omitted after others (e.g.. ṛiṇa-dātācavaidyaṡcaṡrotriyonadī, « the payer of a debt andﾠ a physician < andﾠ> a Brāhman < andﾠ> a river» Hit. I, 4, 55);
in Ved. andﾠ even in class. Sanskṛit Mn. III, 20; IX, 322 Hit.,
when the double ca would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted (e.g.. indraṡcasoma, « both Indra < andﾠ thou> Soma» RV. VII, 104, 25 ;
durbhedyaṡcâ̱ṡusaṉdheyaḥ, « both difficult to be divided < andﾠ> quickly united» Hit. I);
with lexicographers ca may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed (e.g.. kamaṇḍalaucakarakaḥ, « the word karaka has the meaning « pitcher» andﾠ other meanings»);
sometimes ca is = eva, even, indeed, certainly, just (e.g.. su-cintitaṉcau͡shadhaṉnanāma-mātreṇakarotyarogam, « even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name» Hit. ;
yāvantaevatetāvāṉṡcasaḥ, « as great as they < were> just so great was he» Ragh. XII, 45);
occasionally ca is disjunctive, « but», « on the contrary», « on the other hand», « yet», « nevertheless» (varamādyaunacâ̱ntimaḥ, « better the two first but not the last» Hit. ;
ṡāntamidamāṡrama-padaṉsphuraticabāhuḥ, « this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs» Ṡak. I, 15);
ca-ca, though-yet Vikr. II, 9 ;
ca-naca, though - yet not Pat. ;
ca - natu (v.l. nanu) id., Mālav. IV, 8 ;
naca - ca, though not - yet Pat. ;
ca may be used for vā, « either», « orﾠ» (e.g.. ihacâ̱mutravā, « either here orﾠ hereafter» Mn. XII, 89 ;
strīvāpumānvāyaccâ̱nyatsattvam, « either a woman orﾠ a man orﾠ any other being» R.), andﾠ when a neg. particle is joined with ca the two may then be translated by « neither», « nor» ;
occasionally one ca orﾠ one na is omitted (e.g.. nacaparibhoktuṉnai ͡vaṡaknomihātum, « I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon» Ṡak. V, 18 ;
napūrvâ̱hṇenācaparâ̱hṇe, « neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon»);
ca-ca may express immediate connection between two acts orﾠ their simultaneous occurrence (e.g.. mamacamuktaṉtamasāmanomanasijenadhanushiṡaraṡcaniveṡitaḥ, « no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god», VI, 8);
ca is sometimes = cêd, « if» (cf. Pāṇ. 8-1, 30 ;
the verb is accented) RV. AV. MBh. Vikr. II, 20 Bhartṛ. II, 45 ;
ca may be used as an expletive (e.g.. anyaiṡcakratubhiṡca, « andﾠ with other sacrifices»);
ca is often joined to an adv. like eva, api, tathā, tathai ͡va, etc., either with orﾠ without a neg. particle (e.g.. vairiṇaṉnôpasevetasahâ̱yaṉcaivavairiṇaḥ, « one ought not to serve either an enemy orﾠ the ally of an enemy» Mn. IV, 133);
( seeﾠ eva, api, etc.) For the meaning of ca after an interrogative seeﾠ 2. ká, 2. kathā́, kím, kvá);
+ cf. τε,
Lat. que, pe (in nempe etc.);
Goth. uh;
Zd. ca;
Old Pers. cā
3) mfn. pure L. ;
moving to andﾠ fro L. ;
mischievous L. ;
seedless L. ;
m. a thief. L. ;
the moon L. ;
a tortoise L. ;
Ṡiva L. ;
- चकार
- चसमास

kathám

(e.g.. kathametat, how is that?
kathamidānīm, how now? what is now to be done?
kathammārâ̱tmaketvayiviṡvāsaḥ, how can there be reliance on thee of murderous mind?
kathamutsṛijyatvāṉgaccheyam, how can I go away deserting you?
kathambuddhvābhavishyatisā, how will she be when she awakes?
kathammṛityuḥ, prabhavativedavidām, whence is it that death has power over those that know the Veda?
kathamavagamyate, whence is it inferred?);
sometimes katham merely introduces an interrogation
(e.g.. kathamātmānaṉnivedayāmikathaṉvâ̱tmâ̱pahāraṉkaromi, shall I declare myself orﾠ shall I withdraw?)
katham is often found in connection with the particles
iva, nāma, nu, svid, which appear to generalize the interrogation (how possibly? how indeed? etc.);
with nu it is sometimes = kimu, orﾠ kutas (e.g.. katkaṉnu, how much more! nakathaṉnu, how much less!) katham is often connected, like kim, with the particles cana, cid, andﾠ api, which give an indefinite sense to the interrogative (e.g.. kathaṉcana, in any way, some how;
scarcely, with difficulty;
nakathaṉcana, in no way at all;
kathaṉcit, some how orﾠ other, by some means orﾠ other, in any way, with some difficulty, scarcely, in a moderate degree, a little;
nakathaṉcit, not at all, in no way whatever;
nakathaṉcidna, in no way not i.e. most decidedly;
yathākathaṉcit, in any way whatsoever;
kathaṉcidyadijīvati, it is with difficulty that he lives;
kathamapi, some how orﾠ other, with some difficulty, scarcely a little;
kathamapina, by no means, not at all) RV. etc.;
according to lexicographers katham is a particle implying amazement;
surprise;
pleasure;
abuse

jā́tu

ever RV. X, 27, 11 ṠBr. II, 2, 2, 20 (tú)
MBh. V, 7071 Pañcat. I, 1, 6 ;
( kiṉtenajātena, what is the use at all of him born?);
<when jā́tu stands at the beginning of a sentence the verb which follows retains its accent Pāṇ. 8-1, 47 ;
in connection with the Pot. andﾠ nâ̱vakalpayāmi etc. III, 3, 147 orﾠ with the pr. III, 3, 142 ;
jātu expresses censure
e.g.. jātuvṛishalaṉyājayennamarshayāmi « I suffer not that he should cause an outcast to sacrifice» Kāṡ. ;
jātuyājayativṛishalam « ought he to cause an outcast to sacrifice?» ib. >;
possibly, perhaps MBh. XII, 6739 (with api preceding) Kathās. ( alsoﾠ with cid following);
some day, once, once upon a time Kathās. Rājat. ( alsoﾠ with cid following). najā́tu, not at all, by no means, never ṠBr. XIV Mn. MBh. etc.. ( alsoﾠ with cid following)